School of Neuroscience for Thai Youth

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1. Declarative memory à»ç¹¤ÇÒÁ¨Ó·ÕèàÃÒÊÒÁÒöãªéʵÔÃÐÅÖ¡¶Ö§¢éÍÁÙÅàËÅèÒ¹Ñé¹ä´é (conscious access) «Öè§áºè§ä´éà»ç¹ 2 ª¹Ô´ÂèÍ ¤×Í

1.    Sematic memory ¤ÇÒÁ¨Óà¡ÕèÂǡѺ¢éÍà·ç¨¨ÃÔ§áÅФÇÒÁÃÙé·ÑèÇä» (world knowledge) àªè¹ ÇÔªÒ¡ÒõèÒ§æ ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ¢ͧ¤ÓÈѾ·ì à¹×éÍËÒÇÔªÒ à»ç¹µé¹

2.    Episodic memory ¤ÇÒÁ¨Óà¡ÕèÂǡѺà˵ءÒóì·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹ªÕÇÔµ¢Í§àÃÒàͧ ÍÒ¨àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ autobiographical memory àªè¹ ºÃÃÂÒ¡ÒȧҹàÅÕé§ÃØè¹ ÇѹÃѺ¹éͧ¡éÒÇãËÁè ¹Ñè§à¤Ã×èͧºÔ¹à»ç¹¤ÃÑé§áá à»ç¹µé¹

2. Non-declarative memory à»ç¹¤ÇÒÁ¨Ó·ÕèµÑÇàÃÒàͧäÁèÃÙéÊÖ¡µÑÇ (non-conscious access) àªè¹ ¢³Ð·ÕèàÃÒ¡ÃÐâ´´µºÅ١Ẵ ÊÁͧµéͧ¨´¨Ó¡Ãкǹ·èÒµèÒ§æ ÁÒ¡ÁÒµÑé§áµè¨ÑºÅÙ¡ÍÂèÒ§äà ¡éÒÇ¢ÒẺä˹ ÍÍ¡áçà·èÒäËÃè «Öè§àÃÒäÁèä´éãÊèã¨àÅÂÇèÒáµèÅÐÍÔÃÔÂÒº¶¡ÇèÒ·ÕèÅ١Ẵ¨Ð¶Ù¡µºÁѹÁÕ¢Ñ鹵͹¡Ò÷ӧҹÍÐäúéÒ§ «Ö觢éÍÁÙÅ¡ÒÃà¤Å×è͹äËǴѧ¡ÅèÒǹÑé¹ÊÁͧµéͧà¡çººÑ¹·Ö¡ÍÂÙèµÅÍ´àÇÅÒ

1.    Procedural memory ¤ÇÒÁ¨Ó·Õèà¡ÕèÂǡѺ·Ñ¡ÉÐáÅСÒÃà¤Å×è͹äËÇ

2.    Conditioned learning ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙéẺÁÕà§×èÍ¹ä¢ ¤§¨Óä´é¹Ð¤ÃѺ·ÕèÁÕ¡Ò÷´Åͧà¡ÕèÂǡѺ¡ÒÃÊÑ蹡ÃдÔè§ãËéà»ç¹à§×è͹ä¢ÇèÒÊعѢ¨Ðä´éÃѺÍÒËÒÃ

3.    Non-associative learning à»ç¹¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙéẺ§èÒÂæ ÁÕª¹Ô´ÂèÍÂæ ¤×Í habituation ¤×Í ·ÓãËéÅ´¡ÒõͺʹͧµèÍÊÔ觡ÃеØé¹ áÅÐ sensitization ¤×Í ·ÓãËéà¾ÔèÁ¡ÒõͺʹͧµèÍÊÔ觡ÃеØé¹

à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¢éÍÁÙÅ¡ÒÃÃѺÊÑÁ¼ÑÊ (ÀÒ¾ àÊÕ§ ¡ÅÔè¹ áÅÐÍ×è¹æ) «Ö觨Ѵà»ç¹ sensory inputs ·Ø¡ÍÂèÒ§µéͧ¶Ù¡ºÑ¹·Ö¡ã¹ÊÁͧ㹢Ñé¹·ÕèàÃÕ¡ÇèÒ sensory register ¨Ò¡¹Ñ鹨֧¨Ðà¢éÒä»ÊÙè¢Ñé¹µèÍ令×Í short-term memory áÅÐàÁ×èÍÁÕ¡ÒÃÂéӷǹºèͤÃÑ駡ç¨Ð¶Ù¡¨Ñ´à¡çºã¹Êèǹ Long-term storage áÅФÇÒÁᵡµèÒ§·ÕèÊӤѭ¢Í§¡ÒÃÃѺÊÑÁ¼ÑÊ¡ÅÔè¹ ¤×Í àÊé¹»ÃÐÊÒ·¹ÓÊ觡ÅÔè¹äÁèä´é件èÒ·ʹãËéà«ÅÅì»ÃÐÊҷ㹸ÒÃÒÁÑÊ (thalamus) àËÁ×͹àÊé¹»ÃÐÊÒ·Í×è¹æ ËÒ¡áµèÁѹà¡Ô´ä«á¹»Êìä´éâ´ÂµÃ§·ÕèÊÁͧÃдѺÊÙ§¡ÇèÒ àªè¹ ÎÔ»â»á¤Á»ÑÊ (hippocampus) «Öè§ÁÕÊèǹ㹡ÒûÃѺà»ÅÕè¹áÅФǺ¤ØÁ¤ÇÒÁ¨ÓẺ declarative memory áÅÐ㹡Ò÷´Åͧ¹Õéãªé¡ÅÔè¹à»ç¹µÑǪÕé¹Ó¡ÒáÃеØ鹤ÇÒÁ¨Ó㹪èǧ·Õè¹Í¹ËÅѺà¹×èͧ¨Ò¡äÁèä´éú¡Ç¹¡Ãкǹ¡Òù͹â´Â¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔâ´ÂÊѧࡵ¨Ò¡¤Å×è¹ä¿¿éҢͧÊÁͧ·ÕèàËÁ×͹¡Òù͹µÒÁ»¡µÔ «Öè§áµ¡µèÒ§¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÃѺÊÑÁ¼ÑÊ·Ò§àÊÕ§áÅСÒÃÁͧàËç¹·ÕèÊÒÁÒöú¡Ç¹¡Òù͹ËÅѺä´é

ÍèÒ¹ÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕ´§Ò¹ÇÔ¨ÑÂà¾ÔèÁàµÔÁ·Õè http://www.fileden.com/files/2007/4/20/1002034/Odor%20improve%20memory.pdf